accessibility

With Braille Screen Input in VoiceOver, you can use your fingers to type braille directly on the iPad screen, without a physical braille keyboard. You can also use Braille Screen Input to enter braille commands for navigating and controlling your iPad.

You can use it in tabletop mode, with iPad flat in front of you, or in screen away mode, with the screen facing away from you. Gestures let you enter a space, delete the previous character, move to a new line, or cycle through spelling suggestions.

Enter braille on the screen

1. With VoiceOver turned on, do one of the following to start Braille Screen Input:
   • Use a gesture: Place one finger from each hand at the top and bottom edges of the screen and double-tap. If the gesture doesn’t work, open Settings, tap Accessibility, tap VoiceOver, and then tap Braille. Tap Braille Screen Input and turn on Use Activation Gestures.
   • Use the rotor: When you’re in a text input area, set the rotor to Braille Screen Input. If Braille Screen Input isn’t in the rotor, open Settings, tap Accessibility, tap VoiceOver, and then tap Rotor. Tap Rotor Items, then select Braille Screen Input.
2. Place iPad in one of the following positions:
   • Tabletop mode: Lay iPad flat in front of you.
   • Screen away mode: Hold iPad in landscape orientation with the screen facing away from you. Your fingers wrap around the sides of iPad to tap the screen.
3. Enter braille characters by tapping the screen with one or more fingers at the same time.

   Tip: To hear where each dot is located, touch and hold, then drag your finger around the screen. To move the entry dots to match your natural finger positions, double-tap all six typing fingers at the same time (your right three fingers for dots 4, 5, and 6, and your left three fingers for dots 1, 2, and 3).

   You can also use gestures to perform actions such as the following:

   Action	Gesture
   Enter a space	Swipe right with one finger; in screen away mode, swipe to your right
   Delete the previous character	Swipe left with one finger
   Move to a new line	Swipe right with two fingers
   Cycle through spelling suggestions	Swipe up or down with one finger
   Enter a carriage return, or send a message (in Messages)	Swipe up with three fingers
   Cycle through modes (like Braille Entry Mode and Command Mode)	Swipe left or right with three fingers
   Translate immediately (if you’re typing contracted braille)	Swipe down with two fingers
   Switch to the next braille table	Swipe up with two fingers

4. To exit Braille Screen Input, slide two fingers in opposite directions, or do a two-finger scrub (draw the letter “z” by quickly moving two fingers back and forth three times).

Quick tip: Go to Settings > Accessibility > VoiceOver > Commands > Braille Screen Input, and you can view and edit the commands and gestures you can use when Braille Screen Input is turned on.

Type on the screen to enter braille commands

Braille Screen Input Command Mode means you can control iPad by typing braille commands on the screen, using the same commands you use with a refreshable braille display.

1. With VoiceOver turned on, place one finger from each hand at the top and bottom edges of the screen and double-tap to start Braille Screen Input.
2. Switch to Command Mode by swiping left or right with three fingers.
3. Type braille commands directly on the screen.

Change Braille Screen Input settings

1. Start the Settings app on your iPad.
2. Tap Accessibility, then tap VoiceOver.
3. Tap Braille, then tap Braille Screen Input.
4. Set any of the following:
   • Use Activation Gestures: To start Braille Screen Input, place one finger from each hand at the top and bottom edges of the screen and double-tap. If this option is off, use the rotor to start Braille Screen Input.
   • Start Automatically when Editing Text: Have Braille Screen Input start automatically when you enter a text input area.
   • Keep Active until Dismissed: After you launch an app or choose an item in Braille Entry Mode, automatically switch to Command Mode and keep it active.
   • Customize Commands: Go to the command you want to customize and tap Assign New Braille Keys.
   • Learn Dot Positions: Have Braille Screen Input calibrate the positions of dots as you enter them.
   • Reverse Dot Positions: For six-dot braille, swap the positions of dots 1 and 3, and dots 4 and 6.
   • Visual Text Feedback: As you type in braille, display a text translation of what you’re typing.
   • Typing Feedback: Get sound feedback as you enter text with Braille Screen Input.
   • Mode announcements: When you switch Braille Screen Input modes, have VoiceOver speak, play sounds, or both.
   • Choose a Braille table: Select a braille format.

See also

• Use a braille display with VoiceOver on iPad
• Customize VoiceOver gestures and keyboard shortcuts on iPad
• Accessibility features for vision on iPad

You can customize VoiceOver gestures and keyboard shortcuts on iPad. You can list the gestures and the associated commands, including the gestures for handwriting and Braille Screen Input, and assign new braille keys. You can also clear your custom gestures and keyboard shortcuts, and turn on Magic Tap to pause or play media.

1. Start the Settings app on your iPad.
2. Tap Accessibility and tap VoiceOver. Then tap Commands.
3. Tap any of the following:
   • All Commands: Go to the command you want to customize. Then tap Edit, Add Gesture, or Add Keyboard Shortcut.
   • Touch Gestures: List the gestures and the associated commands.
   • Keyboard Shortcuts: Go to the shortcut you want to customize and then enter the key combination.
   • Magic Tap: Turn on Magic Tap to pause or play media when no other action is available.
   • Handwriting: List the gestures for handwriting and the associated commands.
   • Braille Screen Input: List the gestures for Braille Screen Input and the associated commands.
   • Braille Screen & Braille Keyboard Input: Go to the command you want to customize and tap Assign New Braille Keys.

To clear your custom gestures and keyboard shortcuts, tap Reset VoiceOver Commands.

See also

• Use VoiceOver on iPad with an Apple external keyboard
• Use the onscreen keyboard with VoiceOver on iPad
• Accessibility features for vision on iPad

If you use an Apple external keyboard with iPad, you can use keyboard shortcuts to activate VoiceOver commands.

VoiceOver Help can teach you the keyboard layout and the actions associated with various key combinations, since it speaks keys and keyboard commands as you type them without performing the action. You can set the VoiceOver modifier to Caps Lock, or to Control and Option together. Then you control VoiceOver with key combinations, like VO-K to turn on VoiceOver Help.

Choose the VoiceOver modifier

The modifier is a key or set of keys you press with one or more other keys to enter VoiceOver commands. You can set the modifier to be the Caps Lock key or the Control and Option keys pressed at the same time.

1. Open Settings, tap Accessibility, tap VoiceOver, tap Typing, and then tap Modifier Keys.
2. Choose the modifier for VoiceOver commands: the Caps Lock key or the Control and Option keys.

   This modifier is abbreviated as “VO” below.

VoiceOver keyboard commands

You can control VoiceOver using key combinations.

(VO = modifier keys)

Quick Nav using the arrow keys

Turn on Quick Nav to control VoiceOver using the arrow keys.

Single-key Quick Nav for web browsing

To navigate a webpage quickly, turn on Quick Nav (VO-Q), then press keys on the keyboard to navigate to specific item types, such as headings or links. To move to the previous item, hold the Shift key as you press a key for the item type.

Text editing

Use these commands (with Quick Nav turned off) to work with text. VoiceOver reads the text as you move the insertion point.

See also

• Use VoiceOver gestures on iPad
• Use VoiceOver on iPad with a pointer device
• Use Voice Control to interact with iPad
• Accessibility features for vision on iPad

When VoiceOver is on, standard touchscreen gestures have different effects, and additional gestures let you move around the screen and control individual items. VoiceOver gestures include two-, three-, and four-finger taps and swipes.

You can use different techniques to perform VoiceOver gestures. For example, a two-finger tap can be done with two fingers on one hand, one finger on each hand, or your thumbs. And instead of selecting an item and double-tapping it, you can use a split-tap gesture. As you explore, VoiceOver names each item you touch.

Explore and speak items on the screen

To explore the screen, drag your finger over it. VoiceOver speaks the name of each item you touch.

You can also use VoiceOver gestures to explore the screen in order, from top to bottom and left to right.

For more information about navigation styles, see Use flat or grouped navigation.

Scroll up, down, left, and right

Use VoiceOver gestures to move to another page.

Take action on an item

Use VoiceOver gestures to perform actions on an item.

Quick tip: Besides selecting an item and double-tapping to activate it, there’s another way: Touch and hold an item with one finger, and then tap the screen with another.

Use gestures to control VoiceOver

Use the VoiceOver rotor

With the onscreen rotor, you can change VoiceOver settings, jump between items on the screen, select special input methods like Braille Screen Input or Handwriting, and more; read our guide, Control VoiceOver using the rotor.

You can use these gestures with the rotor.

See also

• Turn on and practice VoiceOver on iPad
• Accessibility features for vision on iPad

With handwriting mode in VoiceOver, you can enter text by writing characters on the screen with your finger. In addition to typing or dictation, you can use handwriting mode to enter your iPad passcode silently or to open apps from the Home Screen.

You can also use it to quickly navigate a long list, and to select an item on the Home Screen by spelling its name, even when there are multiple matches.

Use handwriting mode

1. Set the rotor to Handwriting.

   If Handwriting isn’t in the rotor, go to Settings > Accessibility > VoiceOver > Rotor, then add it.

2. To choose a character type (lowercase, numbers, uppercase, or punctuation), swipe up or down with three fingers.

   To hear the selected character type, tap with three fingers.

3. Trace a character on the screen with your finger.

   You can also do any of the following:

   • Enter an alternate character (a character with an accent, for example): Write the character and then swipe up or down with two fingers until you hear the character you want.
   • Enter a space: Swipe right with two fingers.
   • Go to a new line: Swipe right with three fingers.
   • Delete the previous character: Swipe left with two fingers.
4. To exit handwriting mode, do a two-finger scrub (move two fingers back and forth three times quickly, making a “z”), or set the rotor to a different setting.

Enter your passcode silently with handwriting mode

1. On the passcode screen, set the rotor to Handwriting.
2. Write the characters of your passcode with your finger.

Select an item on the Home Screen

1. On the Home Screen, set the rotor to Handwriting.
2. Start writing the name of the item with your finger.

   If there are multiple matches, continue to spell the name until it’s unique, or swipe up or down with two fingers to choose from the current matches.

Quickly navigate a long list

1. Select the index to the right of the list (for example, next to your Contacts list or in the VoiceOver Item Chooser).
2. Set the rotor to Handwriting and then use your finger to write the letter you want to go to.

See also

• Use the onscreen keyboard with VoiceOver on iPad
• Use VoiceOver gestures on iPad
• Accessibility features for vision on iPad

You can use the onscreen VoiceOver rotor to change how VoiceOver works. You can adjust the VoiceOver volume or speaking rate, move from one item to the next on the screen, and select special input methods.

VoiceOver speaks each rotor setting as you rotate your fingers, and the available settings depend on what you’re doing. You can also add or reorder rotor settings, and with an Apple external keyboard, use the rotor to adjust settings like typing echo.

When you use an Apple external keyboard to control VoiceOver, use the rotor to adjust settings such as volume, speech rate, use of pitch or phonetics, typing echo, and reading of punctuation.

Use the VoiceOver rotor

1. When VoiceOver is turned on, rotate two fingers on your screen as if you’re turning a dial. If you prefer to use one finger on each hand, simultaneously drag up with one finger and drag down with the other.

   VoiceOver speaks the rotor setting. Keep rotating your fingers to hear more settings. Stop rotating your fingers when you hear the setting you want.

2. Swipe your finger up or down on the screen to use the setting.

   The available rotor settings and their effects depend on what you’re doing. For example, if you choose Headings when you’re browsing a webpage, swipe down or up to move the VoiceOver cursor to the next or previous heading.

Customize the VoiceOver rotor

1. Open Settings, tap Accessibility, and then tap VoiceOver.
2. Do any of the following:
   • Add or reorder the rotor settings: Tap Rotor. Then choose the settings you want, or drag the Reorder button to reorder settings.
   • Add another language: See Change the speaking voice.
   • Have VoiceOver confirm rotor actions: Tap Verbosity, then turn on Speak Confirmation.

See also

• Operate iPad when VoiceOver is on
• Change your VoiceOver settings on iPad
• Accessibility features for vision on iPad

You can customize the settings for VoiceOver, such as the audio options, language, voice, speaking rate, and verbosity.

You can adjust the volume of VoiceOver speech and sounds, temporarily reduce the volume of other audio while VoiceOver is speaking, and change the speaking voice. Your iPad’s volume buttons control the volume of VoiceOver speech, too, along with all other iPad audio.

Here’s how to change your VoiceOver settings on iPad.

Adjust the volume of VoiceOver speech and sounds

• To increase or decrease your iPad’s volume, including the volume of VoiceOver speech and sounds, as well as all other iPad audio, press the volume buttons on iPad.
• To temporarily reduce the volume of other iPad audio while VoiceOver is speaking, go to Settings > Accessibility > VoiceOver > Audio, tap Audio Ducking, then select When Speaking. Drag the Ducking Amount slider to set how much the volume decreases for other iPad audio—like media and calls—when VoiceOver is speaking.
• To set other audio options, go to Settings > Accessibility > VoiceOver > Audio, then set options such as the following:
  • Sounds: Adjust and preview sound effects.
  • Send to HDMI: Route audio to externally connected devices, such as an instrument amplifier or a DJ mixer.

Set the VoiceOver language

• Change the primary language: VoiceOver uses the same language you choose for your iPad. To choose a different primary language, go to Settings > General > Language & Region, then tap Add Language.
• Switch languages using the rotor: Use the rotor to switch to a voice for another language.
• Automatically switch languages: VoiceOver can detect text in another language and automatically switch to a voice for that language. Go to Settings > Accessibility > VoiceOver > Speech, then turn on Detect Languages.

Note: VoiceOver isn’t available in all languages.

Change the speaking voice

Change the VoiceOver speaking voice, or add another voice, then use the rotor to move between voices as needed.

1. Open Settings, tap Accessibility, and then tap VoiceOver.
2. Tap Speech, then do one of the following:
   • Change the primary voice: Tap the name of the current primary voice, then tap Voice.
   • Add another voice: Tap Add Rotor Voice.
3. Choose a voice. To choose an enhanced voice, tap the Download button first.

Adjust the speaking voice

Go to Settings > Accessibility > VoiceOver, then do any of the following:

• Adjust the speaking rate: Drag the Speaking Rate slider.
• Adjust the pitch: Tap Speech, tap a voice, then drag the slider. You can also turn on Pitch Change to have VoiceOver use a higher pitch when speaking the first item of a group (such as a list or table) and a lower pitch when speaking the last item of a group.
• Specify the pronunciation of certain words: Tap Speech > Pronunciations, tap the Add button, enter a phrase, then dictate or spell out how you want the phrase to be pronounced.

  Note: You can dictate only if you turned on Enable Dictation in Settings > General > Keyboard.

Set how much VoiceOver tells you

Go to Settings > Accessibility > VoiceOver > Verbosity, then do any of the following:

• Change how VoiceOver speaks punctuation: Tap Punctuation, then choose a group. You can also create new groups—for example, a programming group in which “[” is spoken as “left bracket.”
• Change how VoiceOver reads notifications: Tap System Notifications. By default, VoiceOver reads notifications, including incoming text messages, as they occur—even if iPad is locked. Unacknowledged notifications are repeated when you unlock iPad.
• Choose additional options: Have VoiceOver speak hints, uppercase letters, embedded links, and more. VoiceOver can even confirm rotor actions and tell you when the flashlight is turned on.

Customize VoiceOver settings for an activity

Say you’re programming. Customize a group of VoiceOver settings for that activity, and the settings for speech, audio, verbosity, typing, navigation, and braille kick in automatically when you open certain apps or adjust the rotor.

1. Open Settings, tap Accessibility, tap VoiceOver, and then tap Activities.
2. Choose an existing activity or tap Add Activity.
3. Adjust the settings and then below Automatic Switching, do any of the following:
   • Apply the settings for certain apps: Tap Apps and then select the ones you want this setting to apply to.
   • Apply the settings for certain contexts: Tap Context, then select one or more contexts, such as Word Processing, Messaging, or Console.

Use flat or grouped navigation

Go to Settings > Accessibility > VoiceOver > Navigation Style, then choose one of the following:

• Flat: VoiceOver moves sequentially through each item on the screen when you use the move next and previous commands.
• Grouped: VoiceOver moves through items and groups of items on the screen. To move into a group, use a two-finger swipe right. To move out of a group, use a two-finger swipe left.

Set a delay between touching the screen and selecting an item

You can control the amount of time between when you touch the screen and when VoiceOver selects the item you’ve touched. Increasing this value may help reduce accidental touches.

Go to Settings > Accessibility > VoiceOver, tap Delay before Selection, then tap the Increment button or the Decrement button to increase or decrease the delay.

Adjust VoiceOver visuals

Go to Settings > Accessibility > VoiceOver, then turn on any of the following:

• Large Cursor: If you have difficulty seeing the outline around the selected item, you can enlarge and thicken the outline.
• Caption Panel: The text spoken by VoiceOver is displayed at the bottom of the screen.

Use Quick Settings to adjust VoiceOver from anywhere

When VoiceOver is turned on, you can access Quick Settings by doing a two-finger quadruple tap.

To customize Quick Settings, do the following:

1. Open Settings, tap Accessibility, tap VoiceOver, and then tap Quick Settings.
2. Choose the settings you want, or drag the Reorder button to reorder settings.

Reset VoiceOver settings

1. Start the Settings app on your iPad.
2. Tap Accessibility, then tap VoiceOver.
3. Tap Reset VoiceOver Settings. (You may need to scroll down.)

Reset VoiceOver Commands

1. Start the Settings app on your iPad.
2. Tap Accessibility, then tap VoiceOver, then tap Commands.
3. Tap Reset VoiceOver Commands.

See also

• Turn on and practice VoiceOver on iPad
• Use VoiceOver gestures on iPad
• Accessibility features for vision on iPad

If you use a pointer device with iPad, you can adjust how it works with VoiceOver. You can set the pointer to ignore, follow, or move the VoiceOver cursor, and adjust the delay before VoiceOver speaks the item under the pointer. You can also make the pointer easier to see.

1. Open Settings, tap Accessibility, and then tap VoiceOver.
2. Below Pointer Control, tap any of the following:
   • Pointer: Set the pointer to ignore, follow, or move the VoiceOver cursor.
   • Speak Under Pointer: You can adjust the delay to speak the item under the pointer.

See also

• Make the pointer easier to see when using a mouse or trackpad with iPad
• Change display colors on iPad to make it easier to see what’s onscreen
• Accessibility features for vision on iPad