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iOS

Find My comes in three flavors:

  • Device-based, two-way short-range and internet: This version is the original and better understood, and can be enabled on devices: an iPhone, iPad, or Mac, and, by extension, an Apple Watch paired with an iPhone. The device actively sends its location over the internet whenever the internet is available. Find My Device allows the owner of a device to send remote events, like playing a sound or triggering erasure, to a device. Apple and Beats audio devices near their paired device act like this as well.
  • Find My notification network: The Find My network is a one-way notification system that relays location via other people’s internet-connected devices. It can be enabled on an iPhone, iPad, or Mac, and is an inherent attribute of “items”: AirTags and third-party Find My products. Audio devices like AirPods Pro, AirPods Max, and several models of Beats earbuds and headphones act like Find My items when away from their paired device. An owner can’t send commands via the Find My network.

The AirTag, some audio devices, and other items can receive a command to play a sound via Bluetooth from a nearby device. This allows either an owner or someone whose device has been relaying Find My network location data to play a sound on an AirTag.

  • Device-based, Bluetooth range: For Apple AirPods, you can track location only when they’re near their paired iPhone or iPad. They use Bluetooth and don’t participate in the broader Find My network, but their current or last-known location appears in the Devices view in Find My (and the Apple Watch Find Devices app in watchOS 26 or earlier). An owner can trigger a sound when they are near these audio devices.

Because devices can connect to either the two-way or notification network, the other way to look at it is this way:

  • Devices can use both networks: An owner of a device can perform a remote action whenever it’s connected to the internet (or its paired device is and is nearby, with audio hardware), but can see its location when it’s picked up via either form of Find My.
  • Items can use only the Find My network: Items can only ever report their location.

Turn on Find My for a device

Local- and internet-based Find My on an iPhone, iPad, or Mac requires an active Apple Account associated with iCloud. You likely already set up Find My when upgrading or setting up your device.

To enable Find My on an iPhone, iPad, or Mac, if you haven’t signed in with an Apple Account yet, go to System Settings/Settings > Account Name > iCloud and enter your credentials.

On an iPhone or iPad, tap Settings > Account Name > Find My to view and make changes in settings; these settings also affect any paired Apple Watch. On a Mac, go to System Settings > iCloud > Show All. If Find My isn’t enabled, turn it on. Once Find My is active, you can tap or click the Find My item to access additional settings, like the Find My network or, on an iPhone/iPad, Send Last Location.

Enabled devices are automatically added to your iCloud account’s list of devices. For supported devices, Apple enables Activation Lock.

Turn on the Find My network

Find My network tracking has distinctly different options depending on whether you’re enabling it on devices or using it with items. Here’s the breakdown for those categories.

Apple enables the Find My network on iPhone, iPad, and Mac by default. Any Apple Watch, AirPods (3rd generation), AirPods 4 with Active Noise Cancellation, AirPods Pro or Max, or supported Beats audio device paired with an iPhone is similarly tracked. You can toggle this setting as follows:

  • iPhone (plus Apple Watch)/iPad: Change the Find My network option in Settings > Account Name > Find My > Find My iPhone/iPad.
  • Mac: Go to System Settings > Account Name > iCloud, click Show More Apps, and click Find My Mac.

Disabling the Find My network also removes your device’s participation in finding other people’s lost items.

There’s one hidden requirement that Apple doesn’t document, because it’s implicit; the company has spoken about it publicly. Because finding devices over the Find My network requires the use of encryption secrets stored only on devices, you have to have two devices enabled on the network in order for one to find the other. That way, they exchange the necessary secrets using Apple’s privacy-preserving framework without Apple possessing any of your encryption keys. (This is quite similar to how iCloud Keychain works.)

In other words, if you have a single device that’s lost and it can connect to the internet, you’re using the two-way Find My system. A single lost device that can’t connect to the internet also cannot use the Find My network to find it, because there’s no other trusted device that can query Apple for the secret Find My network details. You can’t use iCloud.com for crowdsourced device location, as iCloud.com doesn’t store the Find My network secrets, much as it doesn’t store iCloud Keychain password entries and other secrets.

This requirement isn’t in place with items, because you can already discover the location of items that aren’t nearby only by using the Find My network from a device.

Powering off no longer hides a phone

When an iPhone series 11 or later model is in the extremely low-power “power reserve mode” or “powered off,” as long as your device has any battery power available (or is plugged in), it will continue to send Bluetooth beacons for location discovery if the Find My network setting is turned on as described above; you can also disable the network temporarily, as described next.

In this power reserve mode, you should be able to use Express Mode for transit system payment even if your iPhone (or Apple Watch) can’t do anything else.

Powering down a device offers up a warning in small type that highlights this change. Tap the warning to get the full details. You can tap Temporarily Turn Off Finding, enter your device passcode, and then power down; on the next power up, Find My is reactivated.

Items are always on

AirTags are designed to work both via short-range networking directly with a paired iPhone or iPad and through the crowdsourced system. When you set up an AirTag, it’s enabled for use on the Find My network, as described in how to set up an AirTag.

Third-party Find My network items have a slightly different pairing process, but remain active at all times, too; see how third-party Find My trackers differ.

Apple and Beats audio devices appear under the Devices view in the Find My or Find Devices app because they report their location via a paired device when in range (which is almost certainly often). When not in range, they rely on the Find My network. AirPods can only be tracked via the paired device, while all the other Apple and Beats hardware can use the Find My network. (I guess Apple didn’t want to confuse audio device owners by classifying these higher-end devices with single-function trackers.)

You can reset a Find My item, remove its battery, or use a special disable sequence to stop it sending out a stream of location data. See how to reset or disable an AirTag.

Notify When Left Behind helps with absent-mindedness, exhaustion, and theft. Using your presence, whenever you move a certain distance away from a device or item—Apple doesn’t define how far—you receive a notification on that device.

Found on the sheet for any device or item in native Find My apps, it’s enabled by default under Notifications. You can choose to disable it on a per-item basis. Apple also excludes the place you defined as Home or Apple inferred was your Home.

The device on which you would be notified is listed as part of the explanation when you tap or click Notify When Left Behind.

Your Apple Watch doesn’t alert you when something is left behind (and the Find My app explains this); instead, the alert comes only when the item is separated from your primary presence device, typically an iPhone. (See how Find My works.)

Notify When Left Behind helps in a bunch of scenarios I can imagine:

  • Forgetting you placed an iPad in the seat-back pocket on an airplane. (This is certainly a main cause of loss for iPads and Kindles.)
  • Leaving an iPhone, iPad, or Mac in a coffee shop or restaurant.
  • Forgetting your backpack that has an AirTag in its pocket at someone’s house.
  • Checking your luggage at an airport or train station for a trip.
  • Leaving items at a hotel room, hostel, Airbnb, or the like after checking in during a trip, such as in a hotel safe.
  • Not packing your laptop in a bag you’re carrying with you before leaving for school or work—or vice versa!
  • Locking up a bike that you’ve attached a Find My item to at your destination—then forgetting you biked there and taking a bus home. (Folks, if you bike regularly and you haven’t made or almost made this mistake, count yourself lucky.)

Trust a place

When you’re notified, you can tap Don’t Notify Me, and the location where your Find My item or device was left will be added as a location. If you have an Apple Watch, a notification on the watch also lets you tap Trust Location or Dismiss.

You can also suppress this notification in a Find My app on an iPhone, iPad, or Mac by selecting the item or device, which then shows where it was last seen. You can tap or click Don’t Notify Me Here.

When you add a location through this method, the operating system prompts you, “Don’t notify at map description of location?” You can then tap or click “For all Items or Devices,” “For this Item/Device,” or Cancel.

You can also manually add other locations to exclude by tapping or clicking Notify When Left Behind, then New Location. The map interface for location selection is identical to the one for People. You have the additional option when you click Done to add the location to select “For all Items and Devices” or “For this Device.”

You can accumulate a list over time of places that you don’t want to be notified about items being left behind at. For me, this has become an interesting travelogue of all the hotels, homes, and workplaces I’ve been at.

You can clean this list up by removing locations. On an iPhone, iPad, or Mac, tap or click the remove button to a location’s right. The exception is the Home location, which can be removed only on the device that establishes presence. You can view those locations on an Apple Watch, but not remove them.

It is not an anti-theft feature

Because the notification occurs only when the device remains static and you’ve left it behind, it is not an anti-theft feature. Conceivably, we need Apple to add the opposite case, too: Notify When Moves Away. Perhaps this could cause both the device that’s taken and the hardware that notifies to both squeal uncontrollably until reunited?

A bag in a hotel safe

As I was revising this edition, I received a text from a friend. After a trip out of state, he’d realized he’d forgotten to retrieve a small bag in the hotel safe. He didn’t care much about the bag—except that it contained his passport! The bag also contained an AirTag, but he wasn’t alerted that it was left behind for several hours.

He could see the AirTag in what appeared to be the parking lot. A few slightly clueless hotel front-desk people seemed helpless, although one walked out into the parking lot and said the location appeared to be a grate. Maybe a thief had thrown the AirTag down its openings? But that would mean someone had stolen it from the room safe or lost and found after he had checked out.

After a day or so, a more clued-in staffer called back: it was in the lost-and-found safe, which apparently other people hadn’t checked. For $60, the hotel used a third-party service to return the bag. And then he watched as it didn’t move for days—requiring three more calls to the hotel—before it finally landed at the airport near us. And then sat there for a day before UPS put it on a truck.

The related setting: Notify When Found

Device notifications don’t let you see when something comes or goes, but instead provide you useful feedback related to losing something or having it stolen.

Find My enhances its Lost Mode/Mark as Lost option by providing a notification option after you mark a device as lost. This notification can occur when that device is “found”—that is, when it’s back online, however briefly (see what someone sees when they find your lost device).

Notify When Found is disabled by default on the sheet of actions for a device or item in a native Find My app unless it’s been marked as lost. Then you have just the option to turn it on or off. If enabled, a notification appears on your devices in one of two cases: a piece of your equipment detects the missing item; or the device or item reports its location through Find My or the Find My network.

Apple lets you create a link you can share beyond the maximum of five people who can have continuous shared access. You can create a link to track an item that you can share with anyone.

The link expires after seven days, or you can disable it manually. It immediately stops working as soon as you are within Bluetooth range of the AirTag or Find My item, or if someone you shared the link with is close to it. Airlines have also added a way to use this link for baggage traffic, either for normal use or when your baggage is misplaced.

This requires at least iOS 18.2/iPadOS 18.2 or 15.2 Sequoia on your sharing device and the person who wants to view the link.

Create the AirTag luggage link

Share Item Location under Lost AirTag or Item is the pathway to obtain this link. Tap or click that label to start. First, you’re given a disclosure about what someone with the URL will see. If the item is nearby, you can’t obtain this URL and see an alert about it. Otherwise, tap or click Continue.

Find My generates a URL on a screen labeled Item Location Ready to Share. Tap or click the copy button to copy the URL or tap or click Share Link to use an option on the share sheet.

Apple continues to preserve end-to-end Find My item privacy, even when you’re sharing a link. In fine print, Find My notes, “At least one of your iPhone, iPad, or Mac devices needs to be online to provide updated locations.” That’s because the only way to retrieve the crowdsourced location is via one of those devices.

After the link is created, you can return to the same location to copy the URL. If you want to stop sharing, tap or click Stop Sharing Item Location. Disabled links can’t be reused: Apple generates unique links for each shared item every time.

What the other person sees

If the recipient has an iPhone, iPad, or Mac with an operating system recent enough to support Find My item sharing, the link—labeled Find Lost Item in some contexts, such as when sent via Messages—will prompt to open in the Find My app. Tap or click Continue in Find My. In the Find My app, you see an alert that lost items appear only when viewed in this fashion; tap or click Continue. Finally, you see the item tracked.

For people opening the link on any device other than a supported Apple one, they are taken to a webpage that automatically updates when the item’s reported location changes.

Share the link wisely! Anyone in possession of the link can use it to track the item’s current location for as long as the link is valid.

Once an item is found, Apple automatically disables the links and notifies the lost item’s owner.

Give the link to an airline

Share Item Location can also be used in a privacy-protecting way with airlines and baggage-handling services to report a missing or delayed bag. Apple said 50 airlines had signed on to support the feature. The last count, as of February 2026, was that 36 were online, including American, Delta, and United in the United States, along with major airlines worldwide. However, there’s no official list.

Apple says that safeguards will be in place at airlines so that only a limited number of people with authenticated logins can view shared tracking information.

If your bag is delayed on a supported airline:

  1. In a native Find My app, use the process above to generate a shared item link.
  2. Open the airline’s iPhone or iPad app or go to their website. Find the delayed-baggage form.
  3. In the field labeled Find My in some variation, paste the URL.

Because the 2nd-generation AirTag requires version 26.2.1 or later of Apple’s operating systems to use this kind of item tracking, it is possible that some airlines and baggage-handling services still don’t support these newer trackers. Big organizations tend to lag in updating their devices. I haven’t heard any reports, however.

AirTags and other accessories are locked to the phone they’re paired with. Apple calls this Find My Lock instead of Activation Lock, which is available for Apple devices, like iPhones and Macs. (See how Activation Lock protects a lost or stolen device.)

You can remove an AirTag from an Apple Account using the native Find My app but only on an iPhone or iPad linked to your iCloud account. You cannot use a Mac to remove a Find My item pairing; Apple has not explained why.

Go to the Find My app, tap the Items button, tap the AirTag, and at the bottom of the sheet with actions, tap Remove. Apple lets you know this means someone else can use it by pairing it. Apple also alerts you with shared items about others being unable to see it after removal.

If the AirTag is within Bluetooth range of the device you’re using to remove it from your Apple Account, it is automatically reset and ready to be paired with another device. Otherwise, it has to be physically reset after removal. Apple has instructions in a support document, but I found them a little difficult to follow in their formulation.

An AirTag remains connected to its paired device and unusable with another device until or unless it is removed from your Apple Account. Resetting it has no effect on pairing.

I highly recommend avoiding purchasing used AirTags or Find My items, as there’s no way for a seller to provide an assurance that the item has had its Find My Lock removed. At worst, only buy from a source that promises a full refund and free return, including shipping costs, if the item can’t be used.

I’ve sometimes found I have to restart my iPhone to re-pair an AirTag with it after removing it.

Here’s what I hope is a clearer sequence:

Reset your AirTag

  1. Remove the back cover: Holding the glossy white front, push down to twist the metal back panel counter-clockwise. It only needs to move a small distance before the cover pops off.
  2. Remove the battery: Inside, you’ll see its small coin cell battery. Remove the battery, making note of the right side up: the + sign on the battery will always face you.
  3. Press in a sequence: This next step may seem peculiar, because the back cover remains off. Put the battery back in place and then press down lightly. The AirTag makes a faint bleep. Repeat this four times: remove the battery so it makes no contact, put it back in, press it lightly, and wait for a sound. The fifth time you do this, the sound will be slightly different. That means the reset operation completed successfully.
  4. Reattach back cover: Now you can look at the cover to see the extended tabs and align those with the hole in the top. Press in and then rotate the cover clockwise against its top until it’s firmly in place.

The small size of the AirTag, its cover, and the battery within are all choking hazards for small children or pets. If you have either or have visitors with them, keep track of loose AirTags or parts.

Now you can pair with another iPhone or iPad.

Stop an AirTag transmitting

Removing an AirTag from an account stops it from relaying location data. However, if you want the device to stop sending any signal, remove the cover and the battery.

In a pinch, you can disable an AirTag’s or third-party item’s capability to transmit its signal by wrapping it in aluminum foil or putting it in a bag designed to block electromagnetic fields (a so-called Faraday cage). These items emit fairly weak Bluetooth signals, so the foil approach will, uh, foil attempts to track you if you can’t figure out how to remove the battery or you want to leave the device intact to give to law enforcement.

You can find advice all over the internet about how to disable the sound-producing part of an AirTag. I won’t link to any such advice, and I recommend you avoid it in nearly all cases. Why? Because the intent isn’t, as often stated on these webpages, how to keep an AirTag from bothering you. Rather, it’s clearly advice on producing a more effective electronic stalker. (Apple also may have made it harder to remove the sound-producing component in the 2nd-generation AirTag, but the company declines to discuss that.)

You might have a perfectly good reason to dampen the sound! But in some countries (or even certain cities, states, or regions within a country), unless an AirTag is continuously within your control, disabling the intended audio alert could run afoul of privacy and anti-stalking laws and get you into real trouble. (For when this sound occurs, see what an “AirTag Found Moving With You” alert means.)

Disclosing your location is a two-edged sword—or maybe a multi-bladed throwing star. It can be incredibly handy to let other people know where you are for travel, safety, timing, and even accountability. However, letting others know where you are means they know where you are, which even for close friends, family, and partners can feel like too much knowledge and the expectation of you sharing your position can feel invasive. (You also may feel it’s excessive that, when you launch Find My, you can see the precise location of everyone who has shared with you, even though they did so willingly!)

Apple tries to strike a balance with location sharing just as it does with nearly all other aspects of digital privacy that they mediate and let you choose your comfort level with.

Find My is the interface through which the location you share from an iPhone, iPad, Mac, or Apple Watch gets viewed, but it’s only partly the way in which you choose what is shared! That split is left over from when Apple introduced the previous standalone app, Find My Friends, and relied on preferences buried in Settings to manage all the details.

When you share your location, the other person cannot see your devices, but only your presence: the device marked as showing where you are. Only people in a Family Sharing group can see each other’s devices, and only if the person is sharing their location with them. Items don’t pick up Family Sharing settings. You can share them with up to five people.

Location has two interrelated components: how you share your location and how you choose to accept seeing other people’s locations. Let’s start with you.

You can use the native Find My app to view and change personal settings, even if you’re part of a Family Sharing group:

  • On an iPhone/iPad, watchOS 27, and macOS 27: Go to the Find My app > Me button.
  • In macOS 26 and earlier: In the Find My app’s People view, click Me and click the Info button.
  • In watchOS 26 and earlier: In the Find People app, tap the Me entry.

Here is what appears in the My Location section on all these devices:

  • Share My Location: A single tap, and you let yourself be seen by those you’ve shared with; another tap, and you run silent—your location isn’t sent again until it’s re-enabled.
  • Sharing From: Often called presence, this defines which devices are shared in Find My as being your location as a human if you own multiple devices. My Location reads This Device if you’re on the one defining your location; otherwise, it shows the name of that device. (See how Find My works.)
  • Location Label: At the top of the Me view, you see the current inferred address. However, Find My tries to offer something more descriptive. If you’ve defined your home or work location in Contacts or Phone, it should show Home or Work as the label. You can also create your own names for other addresses; see how to see someone’s location in Find My.

Share with someone

You can share your location in more than one way, and the interface is essentially the same with slight differences.

Here’s how to share in various ways across your Apple devices, from most universal to most specific; how to set the duration option is discussed after these instructions:

  • On an iPhone or iPad, or in macOS 26 or later:

— Find My app: Click or tap the add button at the upper-right corner of the list in whatever view you’re in. Enter names or select people. Click the checkmark button. Now choose a duration.

— Messages: In any conversation in Messages, tap or click the avatar or avatars. On an iPhone or iPad, tap the Plus button, choose Location, tap Share, choose the duration (see below), and tap the Send button. On a Mac, click Share My Location, choose a duration, and press Return to send.

Tip: If your recipient or group isn’t all Apple users, you can still send an image that embeds a link to a map; instead of Send or Share, the button reads Send Pin.

  • In macOS Sequoia or earlier:

— Find My app: In the Find My app, click the People button, then click Share My Location. Enter names or select people. Click Send, and choose a duration.

— Messages: In any conversation in Messages, click the Info button in the upper-right corner. Click Share My Location and choose a duration. Press Return to send the location message.

  • On an Apple Watch:

— Find My app (watchOS 27) or Find People app (watchOS 26 or earlier): In watchOS 27 only, first tap People. Scroll to find Share My Location. Tap it to either dictate a name, choose a contact, or enter a contact’s phone number.

— Messages app: In the Messages app in watchOS 26 or later, choose a conversation, tap the add button, choose Location, tap Share, and choose a duration.

Note: When someone requests your location, as explained ahead in If You’re Asked to Reciprocate, you can’t use a single tap from an Apple Watch. You have to use one of the above methods.

Note: You can’t share your location with others or see their location in the Find Devices app on iCloud.com.

Choose how long it lasts

No matter which path, platform, or version you’re using from the above list, you’re asked to pick or set a duration: Always (formerly Indefinitely), End of Day, One Hour, or Custom. (These options are worded slightly differently across apps.) The Custom choice is new in the version 27 releases. Selecting that option lets you set a duration from 15 minutes to 30 days.

If you shared via Messages, you see a note in the conversation that says “You started sharing location with person name.” The recipient sees “Person name started sharing location with you.”

I’m guessing Apple switched in the version 27 releases to the simpler word “always” after years of using “indefinitely” because more people can easily parse “always.” Indefinitely has the ring of “inflammable” about it: does it mean forever or for a period of time? (Inflammable items are just as easy to set on fire as flammable ones.)

If you choose anything but Always/Indefinitely, a countdown clock appears when you view the details for that person’s entry in Find My: it reads “Sharing for X time units” in the version 27 releases and “X time units remaining in previous operating systems. Messages displays a map tile with an inset yellow countdown clock for the remaining time. In Apple Watch’s Find People app, the contact’s avatar is overlaid with a timer; tap the entry to see the remaining time as text.

Family Sharing is a separate switch

For greater flexibility, Apple also lets you use Family Sharing settings to enable to disable location sharing among group members. Go to Settings/System Settings > Family > Location Sharing to see family settings.

In Location Sharing, you see all the other members of your family sharing group and your current sharing status with them and theirs with you—sort of!

If you used this interface to share your location, or used the Automatically Share Location option (enabled by default) for new members, you see sharing enabled next to the group member. However, if you used the Find My app to start sharing your location, it may appear that you are not sharing with them! You’re just not “family” sharing with them! Yes, it’s as straightforward as a bent nail.

Under the Share Your Location With section, you can also see which of the group members are sharing with you. Again, this is dependent on how you shared. In the figure, you see “person name is sharing your location with you,” even though four members of my family group are sharing their locations with me. Oy!

See who can currently find you

Once you start sharing your location with other people, you might lose track of precisely who that is. Fortunately, you can see a list in a few different places:

  • Native Find My app: Use the Find My app’s People view or the Find People app on an Apple Watch (watchOS 26 or earlier). Everyone in the list who reciprocally follows you appears with location information; everyone else you share with has the label “Can see your location” beneath their name.
  • Find My settings: On an iPhone or iPad, go to Settings > Your Name > iCloud > Find My, and you can see Family (if you’re in a Family Sharing group) and Friends. This doesn’t show reciprocal sharing status, however.
  • Family settings: If you’re part of a Family Sharing group, Settings/System Settings > Family > Location Sharing reveals any group member with whom you’ve shared using Family Sharing settings. See that befuddling situation above in Share Location with Family.

We’re all quite rightly concerned about our private data stored on our most personal devices—the ones we carry with us all the time. Apple has done a stellar job in locking down access to an iPhone, iPad, Mac, or Apple Watch. But there’s still a fear: what if someone guesses our passcode or passphrase, or uses some new cracking technology to break in?

Apple offers an excellent option that can assuage some fears. You can remote erase your device by sending it an irreversible command that takes place immediately if it’s connected to the internet, or as soon as it’s next connected—if it ever connects again.

What happens when you erase a device in Find My?

  • A confirmation email is sent to your Apple Account email address.
  • When you erase a device remotely using Find My, Activation Lock remains on to protect it. Your Apple Account password is required to reactivate it.
  • If you erase a device that had iOS 15, iPadOS 15, or later installed, you can use Find My to locate or play a sound on the device. Otherwise, you won’t be able to locate or play a sound on it. You may still be able to locate your Mac or Apple Watch if it’s near a previously used Wi-Fi network.

Erase an iPhone or iPad

The last resort in some cases (or first in others) is a remote wipe, in which all the user data on an iPhone or iPad is erased.

An erased device that has Find My enabled before erasure and remains associated with an Apple Account cannot be unlocked without the account password due to Activation Lock.

The erase option lets you provide a phone number and message so that a person who found (or stole) your device can get in touch. The device is essentially useless to them without the password.

Once you erase a device (or if someone else has), Find My can find its location only if it’s an iPhone or iPad running iOS 15/iPadOS 15 or later. Before that release, erasing a device disables its ability to send Find My tracking data when connected to the internet.

You can remove a device from your Find My list; see how Activation Lock protects a lost or stolen device.

It’s a multi-step process to prevent accidental erasure; you can cancel at any stage until the last step:

The device will be erased immediately at the last step. If you’re using two-factor authentication, it is also removed from your trusted devices at once.

  1. Go to the Find My app 3ef46077881e8558ba33ff4dc013dbbe.
  2. Tap or click Devices at the bottom of the screen, then tap or click the name of the iPhone you want to erase.
  3. Tap or click Erase or Erase This Device.
  4. You’re warned that everything is about to be erased. Tap or click Continue.
  5. Optionally enter a phone number at which you can be reached after it’s erased, and tap or click Erase.
  6. Enter your Apple Account password and tap or click Erase. If this is another member’s device, accessible via Family Sharing, enter their Apple Account password.

If the device is online, the Erase action immediately wipes all your data. It’s fast because it throws away encryption keys that are used to secure your iPhone or iPad data—it doesn’t have to write zeros over all the data. If the device is offline, the erase begins as soon as it next comes online through any networking method.

What you actually lose

Wiping your device isn’t as bad for your stored data as it sounds. All iPhones and iPads are set by default to back up the unique data that’s stored on them, like settings, passwords, and documents created by or associated with apps. These backups can be either local to a Mac on a particular computer or remote to iCloud.

Apps are stored centrally, not in a backup, and restored from Apple’s servers; the same is true with synced books and purchased music, movies and TV programs. If you use iCloud Photos and Sync Library (for Music), that media is stored in the cloud and synced. (If you’re not using either, you probably sync music with a Mac or Windows system. This is a good time to check that you’re up to date with syncing.)

If you erase your device, and then either recover it or obtain a new device, you can restore from your most recent backup. If you were syncing any items to your device through Photos, Music, or other apps or tools on a Mac, you can then sync them back to the device. For items stored in iCloud, the restore process downloads them again.

You can accelerate restoring an iPhone or iPad with Apple’s Quick Start. Place one of your iPhones or iPads near another and follow the steps provided. This streamlines setup. In a final step, you can choose to restore from an iCloud or other backup.

If any unique data was syncing from your iPad or iPhone to iCloud, Dropbox, Exchange, or another service, you should retain changes up to the moment the device disconnected from a cellular or Wi-Fi network. You will lose only changes made on the device between the last sync (push, fetch, or manual) for each account and the remote wipe.

Erase a Mac

The process of starting is nearly the same as with a mobile device:

Macs can’t be tracked after erasure. The device will be erased immediately at the last step. Two-factor authentication will also drop it from your trusted devices.

  1. Select the device in any Find My app and reveal its sheet.
  2. Tap or click Erase This Device.
  3. Review Apple’s warning. Click Continue.
  4. Enter a message that will be displayed to someone who has or finds the machine and click Erase.
  5. Enter your Apple Account password and tap Erase. If this is another member’s device, accessible via Family Sharing, enter their Apple Account password.

The selected Mac will now be erased. How long that will take depends on hardware features. Erasure is nearly instantaneous.

Be sure you always have a current backup that you can restore from in case your Mac dies, there’s a natural or house disaster (fire, flood, collapse), you lose it, or someone breaks it or steals it.

Find My lets you mark items as lost to help recover items you can’t find or that might be stolen. Marking something as lost puts the hardware into a special Lost Mode and lets you provide details to someone who finds it—or even to a thief you want to encourage to return it.

Apple labels the feature as Lost Device Type on the Find My sheet and Mark As Lost in macOS 26 and earlier when you Control-click/right-click a device in Find My for Mac’s device list. However, the option to turn the feature on is labeled Lost Mode.

This information is available differently (or not at all) based on the kind of thing that’s marked as lost:

  • Devices: For devices, you can enter text (such as offering a reward) and provide your phone number. Both appear on the device.
  • AirTags and other items: With a Find My item—like AirTags or a Pebblebee Card—you can provide your phone number or email address; Apple prefills the message “This item has been lost. Please call me.” This information appears on a webpage associated with the device, which a finder can retrieve as described in how to identify an AirTag you have found.
  • Audio hardware without a screen: AirPods (3rd generation), AirPods 4 with Active Noise Cancellation, AirPods Pro, and AirPods Max can provide contact info just as with a Find My item. (The 1st- and 2nd-generation AirPods, AirPods 4 without ANC, and Beats models that support the Find My network can’t be marked as lost.)

Because devices have screens, marking a device as lost puts the finder on notice that you know approximately where it is—they can see that from the lock screen. If your hardware is stolen, this is a way to tell a thief that you have their location and advise them to give it up.

With supported Apple audio hardware or a Find My item, it’s trickier, as a finder has to take additional steps to determine its status rather than looking at a screen or receiving an alert—although they will hear an item make a sound or sounds in certain circumstances: see what an “AirTag Found Moving With You” alert means for those cases.

Mark a device as lost

When a device is marked as lost, it is locked and can be unlocked only with a device passcode (iPhone, iPad, or Apple Watch) or an Apple Account password or a macOS account password (Mac). Apple Pay is disabled, and all associated cards are temporarily suspended.

Even though Apple audio hardware that can be marked as lost appears in the Devices list, the options for a lost set of earbuds or headphones are the same as a lost item, described later in this chapter.

In case you’re thinking of testing this on your Mac, be aware that your computer restarts instantly after you confirm Lost Mode. You might lose unsaved work in progress.

  1. Tap or click Lost Mode beneath Lost Device Type.
  2. Apple explains what will happen to the device in a screen labeled Lost Mode (iPhone, iPad, or Apple Watch), or “Lock this Mac?” Tap or click Continue to proceed or Cancel to back out.
  3. Enter a passcode if prompted and verify it. (This is unlikely, but it may happen. Make a note of the passcode so you aren’t locked out.)
  4. On devices other than Macs or supported audio devices, optionally set a phone number for a call back. On an iPhone, a finder can call only that number. On other devices, the call-back number is displayed. Tap or click Next.
  5. Optionally, for devices that offer it, enter a message that will appear on the device. In this step, the dialog shows that a passcode has already been set and will be used to lock the device. Tap or click Next.
  6. On the final screen for anything but a Mac, you see a summary of actions and information:
    • Notify When Found: Enable if you want device-based notifications on all your linked hardware.
    • Text you entered: The text of the phone number and messages you entered, if any, appears, but you can’t modify it.
    • Receive Email Updates: This adds email to notifications as part of how you’re alerted.

Despite Apple’s explicit promise when locking a Mac that “This message will be shown on your Mac when someone turns it on,” I can confirm in Tahoe and Golden Gate, it is not. I don’t understand why Apple doesn’t show the message, and why they document it incorrectly.

Tap or click Enable or Activate for anything but a Mac, where you tap or click Continue or Lock.

After you activate Lost Mode, the action is passed to the device if it’s online, and an email message (if enabled) is sent to the address for the Apple Account for the device, confirming what you’ve done. Devices with batteries will be placed in low-power mode. On an iPhone, emergency service calls remain available. Credit and debit cards associated with Apple Pay are disabled on the device.

When a device is locked, it appears in the Devices view with its icon overlaid with a white question mark in an orange circle. A Mac additionally shows a gray screen.

If Location Services has been turned off by you or someone with access to your devices, Lost Mode overrides that and re-enables it so you can track your device.

Turn Lost Mode off again

  1. Select the device in the Find My app.
  2. Tap or click Turn Off Lost Mode, except on an Apple Watch, where you tap the Lost Mode button and disable Lost Mode.
  3. Find My prompts you with a warning that explains the device will remain locked, but the information you entered (phone number and message) and its location history will be deleted. Tap or click Turn Off to confirm.
  4. When you recover the device, enter its passcode or password.
  5. Then, you can disable Lost Mode: Enter your passcode.

Whether you use Find My or start directly from your iPhone, iPad, or Apple Watch, your device will prompt you to re-enter your Apple Account password once or twice. If you have separate iCloud and media Apple Accounts linked, read the dialog carefully so you enter the correct password for each.

To unlock a Mac, despite Apple promising you can do so via Find My or via iCloud.com/find, the truth in testing in Tahoe and Golden Gate is that you can only unlock your Mac while in front of it, going through a separate procedure.

What happens to Apple Pay

In some cases, you may be prompted for two-factor authentication to finish regaining access; in many recent tests, I was not, but I don’t know why. For accounts using code-based verification, you will have to use a trusted device other than the one you have in hand or a trusted phone number to validate your sign-in. With a hardware security key, it’s already independent and can simply be used if you’re prompted; you may be asked to use code-based verification, however. If you’re prompted a second time for your Apple Account password, no second factor appears to be required.

Mark as Lost immediately disables Apple’s side of Apple Pay for a lost device, which prevents even someone with your passcode from using Apple Pay. (When they use the passcode, this disables Lost Mode, but you would be notified.) You may see a flurry of “card deactivated” emails and texts from your credit card companies and banks as well as an email alert from Apple.

To re-enable your cards for Apple Pay, you will be in one of two states:

  • Wallet sync active: With Wallet enabled for syncing—Settings/System Settings > Account Name > iCloud > See All—when you re-enter your Apple Account password after unlocking the device, your cards are re-synced and activated. This may result in a similar flurry of “card reactivated” messages.
  • Wallet sync inactive: Without Wallet sync, your device deletes all locally stored card information when Lost Mode is activated. You have to manually re-enter cards that you want to use for Apple Pay on that device.

Do the same from iCloud.com

The iCloud web app for Find My iPhone diverges slightly from the Find My app, and mobile devices have a different process than Macs.

Lost Mode activates immediately when you click Activate at the last step — there are no extra options or final review stage.

Here’s how to proceed for an iPhone, iPad, iPod touch, Apple Watch, AirPods Pro, or AirPods Max:

  1. Select the device.
  2. On the sheet that appears, click Lost Device Type.
  3. Read the disclosure of what will happen when it’s locked and click Next to proceed.
  4. In the unlikely event the device doesn’t have a passcode set, you have to invent one and set it at this point.
  5. Enter a phone number that will be displayed (optional). Click Next.
  6. Enter a message that will be displayed (optional). Click Activate.

You can unlock these devices using the same methods as when they are locked in a native Find My app.

Lost Mode restarts a Mac immediately when you click Lock at the last step.

Macs are handled slightly differently; here are the alternative steps:

  1. Select the Mac.
  2. Click Lost Mac.
  3. Click Next after reading the disclosure.
  4. You have an option to enter a message before you click Lock.

The Mac is now locked and powers down. See how to unlock a Mac you locked with Find My for how this appears and your next steps.

Your device that marks your presence—the hardware that your location is indicated as to others—updates that location automatically with Apple’s services on a fairly constant basis. If you’re out of range of cellular or Wi-Fi, there’s another option to push a location update—a satellite! Very futuristic.

Apple’s satellite-data option built into the iPhone 14 and later and the Apple Watch Ultra 3 lets you send the tiny bits of information necessary via Find My when you’re otherwise offline.

The next time you’re out of range of service, you can give Send Location via Satellite a whirl.

In the Me view in the iPhone or Apple Watch Find My app (or watchOS 26 Find People app) is My Location via Satellite: tap Send My Location. Your iPhone or Ultra 3 guides you through holding it in the right position to make a satellite connection. Apple lets you send your location as frequently as every 15 minutes. Find My isn’t updated with the location of other people who have shared their location with you, however.

Send your location via satellite

You can use the Find My app to share your location via satellite if you’re not connected to a cellular or Wi-Fi network. To share your location with a friend via satellite, you must already be sharing your location with that friend in Find My. See Share your location in Find My.

  1. Go to the Find My app 656662b1-6b5c-469e-9d04-915022f44dae on your iPhone.
  2. Make sure that you’re outside with a clear view of the sky and the horizon. If you’re under heavy foliage or surrounded by other obstructions, you might not be able to connect to a satellite.
  3. Tap Me f62028cb-855a-4e5f-bf7c-ea130d8b31e6.
  4. Tap Send My Location (below My Location via Satellite), then follow the onscreen instructions.

If you need to turn left or right to connect to a satellite, your iPhone provides guidance–just follow the onscreen instructions.

Note: It may take a few minutes to send your location via satellite; continue to follow the onscreen instructions until the message is sent.

You can send your location once every 15 minutes. When you send your location via satellite, you don’t see your friend’s location in the Find My app.

See a friend’s location sent via satellite

In order to see a friend’s location sent via satellite, you need to have iOS 16.1 or later installed on your iPhone (you don’t need iPhone 14 or later).

When a contact sends you their location via satellite, a satellite icon f6287a76-cbc1-4090-b12d-0753a0187054 appears next to their picture and Satellite Location appears in the text in the Find My app. Their most recent location is viewable for up to 7 days.

What it needs to work

There are some requirements:

  • Both you and the other party must have an iPhone 14 or later and iOS 16 or later installed, or an Apple Watch Ultra 3 (requires watchOS 26 or later paired with iOS 26 or later). The location isn’t shared to devices that don’t meet these criteria.
  • An iPhone you use has to be set as your “presence” device before you’re offline.
  • An Apple Watch Ultra 3 must have an active Wi-Fi or cellular network plan, and its paired iPhone doesn’t need to be nearby, but it must be powered on and connected to either a Wi-Fi or cellular network for the satellite process to work.
  • The person you send your location to must be someone you already share your location with via Find My. That has to be set up before your iPhone is unable to connect via cellular or Wi-Fi.

For more on presence and setting your phone as your primary location device, see how Find My works.

Why Apple built this at all

Apple first introduced satellite access as a safety feature, highlighting all the ways that you could use their Emergency SOS via Satellite feature. Later, Apple spent some of their dragon hoard of cash to expand their satellite network access, as they rolled out Find My, emergency roadside assistance, and iMessage over satellite. Emergency SOS via Satellite works in 18 countries as of September 2026; iMessage over satellite works in Canada, Mexico, Japan, and the United States; and emergency roadside assistance works in Australia, the United States, and the United Kingdom.

Apple originally said they would cover the cost of satellite usage for the first two years after activation, but has continued to extend the free period and hasn’t disclosed future pricing. Their current statement on all satellite-related pages reads, “It’s free for two years after the activation of an iPhone 14 or later (all models).” However, we are well past two years for many models. (My guess is it will ultimately be $10 a month and rolled into Apple One subscriptions.)

Tags: Find My, iOS

Pause sharing without telling anyone

In the version 27 releases, Apple added a way to pause sharing your location with someone without removing them from your sharing-with list—and without them knowing. Here’s how to pause sharing:

  1. Select a person with whom you’re sharing your location.
  2. Tap or click the More button, and choose Hide Location.
  3. Find My explains that you stop sending your location for the remainder of the day.
  4. The other party is not notified when you pause, stop or resume sharing. They see only that no location was found.
  5. Tap or click Hide to continue, or Not Now to keep sharing.

The Location field shows “Unhide Location” until the shown time. When I chose to Hide Location at 2:30 p.m., it displayed “tomorrow at 4:00 a.m.” as the end point. If you tap or click Unhide Location, there’s no confirmation step: your location is immediately shared again.

This addition is clearly another tool in the kit for deterring unwanted tracking in abusive situations, where someone’s partner or family member demands they leave tracking on. This allows someone being tracked to go off the radar without it being obvious. For more, see how to check whether someone is tracking you.

Stop sharing altogether

You can completely stop sharing with someone, which removes you from their People list in Find My. They can’t prevent or reverse these. Stop sharing in either of these ways:

  • In the info pane in a Messages conversation, tap or click Stop Sharing My Location or Stop Sharing.
  • In a native Find My app (or Find People in watchOS 26), tap or click Stop Sharing My Location, Stop Sharing Location, or Stop Sharing.

If you stop sharing, the person remains in your list. You can remove their entry, as below.

You can remove someone from your People list and stop sharing with them or seeing their location. This requires a native Find My app. Here’s how to remove someone:

  • In the version 27 releases, select the People view, select a person, then tap or click the More button. Tap or click Remove and confirm.
  • In earlier releases, select the People view and select the person. On an iPhone or iPad, tap Remove and confirm. On a Mac, click the Info button, then click Remove and confirm.
  • On an iPhone or iPad, you can instead swipe left on a name in the People list and tap the Remove button (iOS 27/iPadOS 27) or Trash button (earlier releases).
  • On a Mac, click the People button and Control-click/right-click the person’s entry. In macOS 27, choose Remove Friend; in earlier versions, choose Remove Name. The person is removed immediately without additional prompting.

Ask someone else to share

You can use the Messages app to request that someone share their location with you. This is handy for a less sophisticated user who doesn’t know how to initiate sharing, or in situations where you want to message someone and ask them to share at the same time: they can read your message and then tap to share without going through additional hoops.

You can prevent receiving these requests by disabling Allow Friend Requests in a native Find My app on the Me tab or pane.

On an iPhone, iPad, or Mac running Tahoe or later, in any conversation in Messages, tap or click the avatar at the top of the view; on a Mac running Sequoia or earlier, click the Info button at the upper-right corner. Tap or click Request Location. This creates a request within Messages. Tap the Send button or press Return to transfer the request, and the other person can opt to Share and choose a duration.

There’s an alternative method on an iPhone or iPad in a conversation in Messages: Tap the Plus button, choose Location, tap Request, and tap the Send button.

If you’re already sharing your location with someone who isn’t with you, you can also use a native Find My app, view the person’s details, and tap or click Send Request.

If you’re on the accepting side of that equation, Messages now mediates your response. When you select a duration, this generates another message; you can click or tap the Send icon or press Return to transmit.

When you are asked to reciprocate

The Find My app shows an entry for each person actively sharing their location with you in the People view. For time-limited sharing, their pictures are overlaid with a little clock.

When you share your location with someone else or vice versa, Find My posts an alert, but the party being shared with doesn’t have to accept it; the sharing party is just added to their Find My list.

However, if that person (you or someone else) isn’t someone the recipient already shares their location with, Find My prompts for reciprocation. (That is, if you share to someone and they don’t, they will be prompted to share with you; if they share to you and you don’t, you’ll be prompted to share with them.)

You can choose to mirror a shared location via a notification. Tap or click the notification, then choose the duration. If you ignore or dismiss the notification, you can also use the Find My app, where the notification appears in the People list with the same message. Similarly, tap or click Don’t Share or tap or click Share to choose a duration from the pop-up menu.

You can’t reciprocate on an Apple Watch.

If the person doesn’t follow you, you can use the same methods in Request Sharing from Someone to ask again.

Where to get help

There are many organizations beyond law enforcement eager to help people trapped in situations of domestic abuse or child subject to violence and an unsafe environment. For adults in the United States, that includes the National Domestic Violence Hotline; for children or those concerned about their welfare in the United States and Canada, the Childhelp National Child Abuse Hotline.

For those being stalked, one starting point is Safehope. It’s more likely you will need the help of police or federal authorities. Local police departments have their own paths to navigate, but for online or cyber stalking, it may be better to start with the FBI.

If the person you are worried about may be watching your device, use one they cannot see. Removing a tracker or turning off sharing can be noticed, and advocates warn that it can make a situation worse rather than better, so it is worth talking to someone before you act.

In a TidBITS article, Evaluating Wireless Security Needs: The Three L’s, Adam Engst laid out the three factors he considered relevant to determining one’s risk when it comes to Wi-Fi security. He called them the three L’s: likelihood (the probability that someone will violate your security), liability (the cost—financial or otherwise—that you’d incur if a security breach happened), and lost opportunity (what you lose in terms of time and convenience by implementing stronger security). That article is still well worth a read almost two decades later.

Times, technologies, and threats change, but some people still face greater risks than others. If you can assess your own level of risk soberly, you’ll be able to take appropriate measures—neither too weak nor too strong.

The risk for most people

Years ago, it made more sense for nearly all Mac owners to consider their susceptibility to outside attack: how likely were you to visit sketchy sites, download applications that might contain Trojan horses, be infected by malware by visiting a site or running software, or even configure a network sharing setting that allowed people on the internet to scan and find weaknesses they could use to potentially copy data from your Mac, or worse. iPhone and then iPad users had fewer risks because of how iOS and iPadOS were constructed and locked down, but external attacks remained the central problem for them.

That profile changed considerably by the late 2010s. The biggest risk that most Apple users have faced since then—no matter their specific Apple hardware—comes from phishing and social engineering.

Phishing describes when someone impersonates a person, group, or website in the hopes you will click through and be infected by malware or enter login credentials. Phishers want your personal data, preferably financial information, such as your credit card number, expiration date, and verification code. They try to offer credible-looking security warnings and fraudulent webpages where you enter payment information or credentials they can use to access your bank and other accounts.

Social engineering is when people attempt to convince you to do something harmful to your device—and compromise your security and privacy. A common scam is that you visit a website and are redirected to another site (via malicious advertising or injected code) that claims your computer, phone, or tablet is infected and urges you to call a number. Calling that number leads you to a boiler room in which the other parties try to get you to install remote access software and sign up for expensive, hard-to-cancel tech services—or worse.

There are also more general attackers, who want to fool you into installing Mac apps that appear to be legitimate, but actually encrypt your personal files and hold them for ransom (ransomware). iOS and iPadOS don’t allow this vector because of how apps are installed and files managed. And even after over a decade into what remains rampant use of ransomware, that scourge hasn’t found a foothold on Mac.

From the mid-2020s, I would also argue that governments of democracies have increasingly chosen to enact laws or stretch the limits of existing ones to intrude into our private spaces, including accessing data that they would never previously have considered due to pushback from both ends of the political spectrum and, in some countries, a strong libertarian philosophy on the primacy of privacy.

Even if you don’t believe you fit in a category where the government of the place you reside would target you personally, you should assume your risk is elevated in any country that is sweeping away previous protections in the vague interests of “protecting children” even when no children are involved and “national security” when no national security interests are shown.

The high value of privacy violations

Some unwanted software doesn’t mess up a device or steal data, but installs adware that can display rogue ads (overlaying ones served by webpages), hijack web searches, and redirect affiliate clicks through portals controlled by the operators to make money illegitimately off you from advertisers. Other software is more insidious, tracking your location to sell it to companies that target you with ads—it’s a kind of malware, even if it doesn’t subvert the device.

The most obvious vector is a Mac, where you can install third-party software that isn’t vetted by Apple. But given that you can install extensions in Safari for the iPhone, iPad, or Mac, and that Apple has routinely failed to catch App Store apps that violate user privacy or include adware components, you can be at risk on any platform. Fortunately, so far, I have heard of no iPhone or iPad examples.

To step up protections, you can engage any or all of the following security or software integrity steps that reduce the area of attack on you that could succeed:

  • Two-factor authentication (2FA): This extra step for logging in deters attackers who have phished or otherwise obtained your password. Apple requires 2FA for Apple Accounts (with a few legacy exceptions), limiting access to iCloud-synced information, purchases, email, and much more. Most non-Apple services offer code-based 2FA (sent via SMS) or other ways to validate a password login. To compromise your account, someone has to obtain your SMS messages, your trusted devices, or your authentication app.

Some phishers perform a “two-step” attack in which they convince you not only to enter your account name and password on a site, but then also relay that information in real time to the actual site you intended to access. This causes the real site to send you a confirmation code (or the fake site requests that you generate one). The attackers capture that code when you enter it. However, that scam works only for brief periods, as short as one minute.

  • Passkey: Upgrade accounts at websites that support passkeys, a secure method of logging in that’s deeply embedded on iPhones, iPads, and Macs, and supported by Google and Microsoft. The secret part of a passkey is never transmitted over the internet, and a passkey is phishing-resistant. You can sync and share passkeys when using recent operating systems and password managers. I’ve shifted from tolerating passkeys to preferring them to a password-and-second-factor combo. See where Apple stores your passwords and passkeys.

Sounds great, right? But passkeys are, in every case I’m aware of, a supplemented to two-factor-protected accounts, not a replacement. Until you can make a passkey replace a regular login (with some kind of recovery option), they’re only as secure as the next-weakest link in the chain.

  • Hardware security key: Another form of 2FA, a relative of a passkey, is a hardware security key. These small physical objects plug into a USB or Lightning port or can connect via NFC to iPhones or iPads. The hardware key has embedded encryption circuitry that generates a unique, highly secure login key for each site you use it with. These keys are built on a standard nearly identical to the technology underlying passkeys, and most websites that support passkeys can accept a hardware security key and vice versa. (These keys also rarely fully replace access to an account yet, meaning a flaw in password and two-factor authentication could compromise access.)
  • Apple Pay: Avoid sites that don’t let you pay by Apple Pay, which prevents your credit-card number from being transmitted directly.
  • Install financial apps: Financial apps and their associated notifications make it more likely you will know immediately if any part of your financial life has been manipulated without permission. I’ve noticed a trend since 2024 for financial apps that support Face ID or Touch ID to let you log in from a desktop browser using a QR code or a push notification from the app. You then verify via biometrics, so you’re never entering any credentials in a browser.

Apple already blocks the direct installation of unsigned software on a Mac—apps that were released by people without an Apple Developer account or who bypassed Apple’s minimally involved signing system. By not allowing the easy installation of unsigned software, Apple prevents most malicious software from running at all. See how Gatekeeper decides which Mac apps can run.

  • Continuous backups: The technology for making constant, secure online backups of documents and creating local clones and backups obviates risks more present now than in the past when those options were slow, expensive, or not feasible due to cost or bandwidth limitations. Having such backups in place gives you a point to revert to if you have data corruption or loss.
  • End-to-end encryption (E2EE) for iCloud: Apple’s Advanced Data Protection lets iCloud users put media, notes, reminders, and iCloud Drive files under the gold standard of end-to-end encryption, which requires possession of a device and the means to unlock to access data. Because we may store details that can be used to exploit us in these various kinds of media, E2EE is another leg up on attackers. See how to turn on Advanced Data Protection.

By using Apple and industry technologies and safeguards and keeping backups current, you can dramatically reduce your likelihood of risks while also curtailing the liability that results. Even if you’re infected by ransomware—an unlikely event—and don’t want to pay, you might lose no files by reverting to a snapshot before the attack; or if someone guesses or obtains an account login, you’re alerted as they try to log in, so you can change the password, or they’re blocked entirely without a second factor or hardware element.

The change in our general risk profile over time, however, comes with one big flashing red light. I noted a couple of times above that most people only need to take certain default strong, reasonable measures. However, if you’re someone in particular fields of work or who engages in political advocacy, you may face targeted attacks that evade basic measures that suffice for everyone else.

A human-rights reformer in an incipient dictatorship needs to take more safeguards than a suburban online shopper in Ohio. But identity theft can sometimes lift that Ohioan—or you—into a much higher category of risk, because someone decides your assets or information are valuable to them, and they’ve acquired credentials or personal information that will let them attempt to crack your security shell.

What about children?

If your minor child has their own iPhone, iPad, or Mac, you might assume they are at very low risk. After all, their device probably contains nothing but games, educational software, a school-provided office suite, and a browser playing videos from Disney+.

But no! Sad to say, children are at greater risk than adults, all else being equal, because they’re less experienced and more trusting—and because, let’s face it, there are a lot of creeps out there who stalk children online.

If you travel to a country with severe laws or a propensity to jail people without legitimate charges, you should raise your risk profile before you travel and while there.